Painting unfinished furniture: labels and airflow
Paint is a finish too. Read the label, work with airflow, and mind the rags.
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Paint or stain
Makers use the term paint for coatings that hide the wood and stain for products that color it. Each label says what the product is and how to apply it. We do not say which suits a piece.
Solvents and ventilation
EPA says: "Paints, varnishes and wax all contain organic solvents." EPA says these products "can release organic compounds while you are using them, and, to some degree, when they are stored." EPA says to "Increase ventilation when using products that emit VOCs" and to "Meet or exceed any label precautions."
Rags and applicators
Massachusetts' Department of Fire Services says: "The oils in some paints, stains, and varnishes release heat as they dry. If oily rags and applicators are left in a pile, a box, or the trash, the heat can remain trapped and cause a fire that quickly spreads to nearby combustibles." Follow the label and your local fire officials.
The federal paint rule for furniture makers
CPSC's rule at 16 CFR part 1303 bans furniture articles for consumer use that bear "lead-containing paint." That is a duty for makers and sellers.
Old painted pieces
If a piece is old and painted, it may contain lead. EPA lists refinishing old furniture as a source of lead exposure. This site does not cover stripping, sanding, or refinishing old painted furniture.
This is general information, not legal or safety advice.
Sources: EPA, Volatile Organic Compounds' Impact on Indoor Air Quality; Massachusetts Department of Fire Services (mass.gov), Disposing of oily rags; eCFR, 16 CFR Part 1303, Ban of Lead-Containing Paint; EPA, Reduce the Risk of Lead Exposure at Home.
FAQ
General information only. Follow every product label and increase ventilation when you finish, as EPA advises. State fire and health agencies warn that rags used with some oil-based stains and finishes can catch fire on their own: never leave them in a pile, and dry and dispose of them as the label and your local fire officials direct. CPSC says to anchor furniture with drawers, doors, and shelves to the wall. In an emergency, call 911.
Next: clear finishes
Solvents and airflow, per EPA.
