Water-based and oil-based finishes: reading the label
The terms are the maker's. The label sets the steps, cleanup, and rag handling.
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Rags first
Massachusetts' Department of Fire Services says: "The oils in some paints, stains, and varnishes release heat as they dry. If oily rags and applicators are left in a pile, a box, or the trash, the heat can remain trapped and cause a fire that quickly spreads to nearby combustibles." Follow the label and your local fire officials.
Whose terms these are
Water-based and oil-based are terms makers use on their labels. The label says what is in the product, how to apply it, and how to clean up.
Solvents and ventilation
EPA says: "Paints, varnishes and wax all contain organic solvents." EPA says these products "can release organic compounds while you are using them, and, to some degree, when they are stored." EPA says to "Increase ventilation when using products that emit VOCs" and to "Meet or exceed any label precautions."
What we do not do
We do not compare finishes or say one type suits a piece, a room, or a household.
This is general information, not legal or safety advice.
Sources: Massachusetts Department of Fire Services (mass.gov), Disposing of oily rags; EPA, Volatile Organic Compounds' Impact on Indoor Air Quality.
FAQ
General information only. Follow every product label and increase ventilation when you finish, as EPA advises. State fire and health agencies warn that rags used with some oil-based stains and finishes can catch fire on their own: never leave them in a pile, and dry and dispose of them as the label and your local fire officials direct. CPSC says to anchor furniture with drawers, doors, and shelves to the wall. In an emergency, call 911.
Next: clear finishes
Solvents and airflow, per EPA.
